Moins d’un an après la fin de la 16e épidémie d’Ebola déclarée le 1er décembre 2025, la République démocratique du Congo fait face à une nouvelle résurgence de la maladie dans l’Est du pays. L’alerte a été lancée par le Centre africain de contrôle et de prévention des maladies (CDC Afrique) puis confirmée par le ministère congolais de la Santé publique, Hygiène et Prévoyance sociale.
Dans un communiqué publié vendredi 15 mai 2026, le gouvernement congolais a annoncé la confirmation de nouveaux cas de maladie à virus Ebola (MVE), souche Bundibugyo.
« Les analyses de laboratoire réalisées par l’Institut national de recherche biomédicale (INRB) en date du 14 mai 2026, sur treize échantillons sanguins prélevés, ont confirmé huit cas positifs de maladie à virus Ebola, souche Bundibugyo. Les cinq autres échantillons n’ont pas pu être analysés en raison d’un volume insuffisant de prélèvement », précise le communiqué du ministère de la Santé.
Selon les autorités sanitaires, la présence du virus a été confirmée dans les zones de santé de Rwampara, Mongwalu et Bunia, dans la province de l’Ituri. L’épidémie aurait débuté après le décès d’un infirmier au Centre médical évangélique (CME) de Bunia, survenu le 24 avril dernier dans la zone de santé de Rwampara.
De son côté, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a annoncé, ce samedi 16 mai 2026, le renforcement rapide de son appui à la RDC afin de contenir cette nouvelle flambée épidémique.
« L’analyse en laboratoire menée par l’Institut national de recherche biomédicale a confirmé l’épidémie causée par l’espèce Bundibugyo dans huit des treize échantillons prélevés sur des cas suspects. Au total, 80 décès communautaires suspectés d’être dus à la maladie à virus Ebola Bundibugyo ont été signalés jusqu’à présent », indique l’OMS dans son communiqué.
Des mesures de riposte renforcées
L’OMS précise qu’une équipe d’experts était déjà déployée en Ituri pour appuyer les enquêtes ayant conduit à la confirmation de l’épidémie. L’organisation travaille actuellement avec les autorités sanitaires nationales et provinciales afin de renforcer les mesures de lutte contre la propagation du virus.
« Des experts supplémentaires de l’OMS spécialisés en épidémiologie, prévention et contrôle des infections, diagnostics de laboratoire, soins cliniques, logistique, communication sur les risques et engagement communautaire sont mobilisés pour renforcer la riposte de première ligne », ajoute l’organisation.
Le gouvernement congolais appelle par ailleurs la population de l’Ituri et des zones voisines à ne pas céder à la panique et à respecter strictement les mesures de santé publique.
Les autorités recommandent notamment :
– de signaler immédiatement toute personne présentant de la fièvre, des saignements ou des symptômes suspects ;
– d’éviter tout contact physique avec des personnes malades, décédées ou suspectées d’être atteintes d’Ebola ;
– de ne pas manipuler ni consommer des animaux malades ou retrouvés morts ;
– de pratiquer régulièrement le lavage des mains avec de l’eau propre, du savon ou une solution chlorée ;
– et de cuire suffisamment les aliments, notamment la viande de brousse.
Le ministère de la Santé invite également la population à collaborer avec les équipes médicales et rappelle que le numéro vert 151 reste disponible pour toute information utile.
Entre-temps, le CDC Afrique a convoqué une réunion régionale d’urgence afin de coordonner la riposte face à cette nouvelle épidémie dans la province de l’Ituri. L’institution appelle les populations des zones touchées et à risque à suivre les recommandations des autorités sanitaires nationales.
Selon les derniers chiffres communiqués par le gouvernement congolais, 246 cas suspects et 80 décès ont été enregistrés depuis le début de l’épidémie, dont quatre cas confirmés positifs parmi les décès signalés.
Kinshasa assure toutefois que, avec l’appui de ses partenaires techniques et financiers, le pays reste pleinement engagé à contenir rapidement cette 17e épidémie d’Ebola, soulignant l’expérience acquise par la RDC dans la gestion des précédentes flambées de la maladie.
LUKEKA MBILIZI NATHANAËL
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